Constructs for understanding Japan, London: Kegan Paul. ), Sugimoto and Mouer ( 1989 Sugimoto, Y. The myth of Japanese uniqueness, London and Oxford: Croom Helm. For excellent critiques of the Nihonjiron literature, see Dale ( 1986 Dale, P. In so doing, they fail to see the Japanese self as an isolable entity and indispensable for understanding individuals in everyday life. In their ‘explanation’ for Japan's economic success, many Nihonjinron authors portray the Japanese as socially dependent on interpersonal relations and group affiliations. Around the late-1970s and early-1980s, there emerged a popular body of literature on the theory of Japaneseness known as Nihonjinron. In Culture and self: Asian and Western perspectives, Edited by: Marsella, A.J., DeVos, G. “ The self in cross-cultural perspective”. Moreover, adoptions outside kinship and marriage affiliations are commonly used in Japan, which makes an interesting comparison with the Chinese family system (see Hsu 1985 Hsu, F.L.K. (Section 3: 91–120), ) explains, ‘within the family much greater emphasis is placed on the parent-child relationship than on the husband-wife relationship which is of central importance to the Western family’ (98). City life in Japan: A study of a Tokyo ward, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. The provision of heirs is as much an important element of filial piety as a duty for perpetuating the family line as Ronald Dore ( 1958 Dore, R. The enigma of Japanese power: People and politics in a stateless nation, London: Macmillan. Although not based on belief in a supernatural being or any metaphysical speculation, Confucianism in China transcends temporal authority and immediate social concerns and in this respect resembles the transcendental traditions of Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism (van Wolferen 1989 Van Wolferen, K. Working Paper Series, Waseda University, Institute for Contemporary Japanese Studies, 3) argues, it is hard to get reliable figures on incidence and likely to be a minority experience.Ħ. Good policy, poor practice? Sex education in Japanese middle schools. The phenomenon is frequently sensationalised by the mass media as Beverly Yamamoto ( 2005 Yamamoto, B.A.
Closely associate with ‘promiscuous’ culture is wide publicity surrounding middle-class child prostitution, euphemistically described as ‘compensated dating’ ( enjo kōsai), where young girls have sex with adult men in exchange for money and brand name goods. Tough choices: Bearing an illegitimate child in Japan, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. For a detailed account of why the number of children born out of wedlock in Japan remains low despite the current need to increase fertility rates, see Ekaterina Hertog ( 2009 Hertog, E. The passive solution implies that there is no other way to curb men's ‘innate’ sexual desire except to isolate women ( The Japan Times, 20 March 2005).Ĥ. The myth remains powerful in today's Japan, as, for example, evidenced by the phenomenon of women-only cars adopted by a number of railways throughout Japan as a means of saving women from the groping hands of drunken salarymen or ‘sex molesters’ ( chikan). Sexual violence and the law in Japan, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon. For a detailed examination of Japanese judicial decision-making in sexual crimes, see Burns ( 2005 Burns, C. Pink Samurai: The pursuit and politics of sex in Japan, London: GraftonBooks.
For example, soaplands or ‘special public bathhouses’ are places where male clients have consensual sex with their hired masseuses whom they become ‘acquainted’ with in the bathing facility (Bornoff 1991 Bornoff, N.
In other words, the law does not ban paid sexual acts with a ‘specified’ person or someone who has become an acquaintance. The Prostitution Prevention Law, enacted in 1957, forbids vaginal intercourse with an ‘unspecified’ person in exchange for payment. The Japanese disease: Sex and sleaze in modern Japan, Lincoln, NE: IUniverse. It is estimated that some 8000 people in Japan, excluding people with haemophilia, have been infected with HIV and a total of 614 people, including Japanese and foreigners, were reported as having contracted HIV in 2002 (Hayes 2005 Hayes, D. Although still small by international standards, the number of people infected with HIV in Japan continues to rise. In Japan, HIV/AIDS used to be considered a disease of the West.
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